Human System Risks | Page 2 | Simple Site

Human Health and Performance

Human System Risks

Risk of Renal Stone Formation

Exposure to microgravity induces bone atrophy/bone loss which increases circulating calcium, impacting the renal stone risk. Risk mitigation strategies including exercise and hydration are well-defined although the ability to treat a renal stone during exploration missions is not yet available.

Posted March 11, 2025

Human Health and Performance

Human System Risks

Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes and Performance Decrements resulting from Non-Ionizing Radiation during Spaceflight

Sunlight exposure primarily affects the eye and skin and is mitigated by current standards and countermeasures. An increase in the prevalence of high-power ground-based lasers capable of reaching the ISS, and possibly even the Moon, could cause acute laser exposure damaging hemorrhagic retinal lesions resulting in temporary or permanent damage to

Posted March 11, 2025

Human Health and Performance

Human System Risks

Risk of Adverse Health Effects Due to Host-Microorganism Interactions

Exposure to the spaceflight environment evidence indicates alterations in microbial virulence and astronaut immune function.

Posted March 11, 2025

Human Health and Performance

Human System Risks

Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes and Decrements in Performance due to Inflight Medical Conditions

Regardless of mission length or objectives, all human spaceflight requires some degree of in-mission medical support. The transition from a gravitational environment to microgravity, coupled with living in a closed-loop environment, can result in variable physiological effects and health risks.

Posted March 11, 2025

Human Health and Performance

Human System Risks

Risk of Acute and Chronic Carbon Dioxide Exposure

Hostile, enclosed spaceflight environments (including space vehicles and suits) do not have the benefit of natural carbon dioxide (CO2) removal. In these environments, equipment (e.g., the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly, lithium hydroxide, and amine systems) control CO2 levels and mitigate consequences of elevated CO2 exposure.

Posted March 11, 2025

Human Health and Performance

Human System Risks

Risk of Adverse Cognitive or Behavioral Conditions and Psychiatric Disorders

Exposure to the isolation and confinement of spaceflight can result in decrements in cognitive and behavioral functioning.

Posted March 11, 2025

Human Health and Performance

Human System Risks

Concern of Venous Thromboembolism

Note: The Concern of Venous Thromboembolism is historical and now a component of CV Risk. Stagnant or reverse flow in the internal jugular vein has been observed in 6 of 11 crew members (55%) tested in-mission on approximately flight day 50; one crewmember was found to have an occlusive internal jugular vein thrombus requiring treatment […]

Posted March 11, 2025

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Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS)

1

Communicating and Navigating with Missions

33

Spinoffs

42

5

System-Wide Safety

7

29

6

Technology Transfer

47

Gaia

1

Voyager 2

7

Hi-Rate Composite Aircraft Manufacturing

4

Apollo 14

2

Origin & Evolution of the Universe

18

CADRE (Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Exploration)

3

Quesst: The Science

3

Human Research Program

28

8

Centennial Challenges

12

SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy) / 747-SP

2

Deimos

1

STS-65

1

ICESat (Ice, Clouds and Land Elevation Satellite)

1

Landslides

3

Christopher L. Williams

8

1

26

Subsonic Flight Demonstrator

3

MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging)

1

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

20

Fission Surface Power

1

Uranus

7

6

Airborne Science

30

Benefits to Science

1

Pluto

3

Science for Everyone

2

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

277

MAF Employee Assistance Program

5

Courses & Curriculums for Professionals

1

4

Emission Nebulae

4

NASA Open Source Software

1

The Kuiper Belt

6

Gas Giant Exoplanets

19

What We Do

10

Artemis

377

Pamela A. Melroy

8

Redstone 3 (Freedom 7)

1

1

WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer)

11

Advanced Capabilities for Emergency Response Operations

1

Asteroids

47

134

Rings of Saturn

11

Integrated Aviation Systems Program

21

Libera

1

1

Space Nuclear Propulsion (SNP)

4

Earth Science Division

84

Supernovae

33

Mission Support Directorate

3

Office of International and Interagency Relations (OIIR)

54

For Professionals

2

4

Hayabusa 2

1

Andromeda Galaxy

8

Brand Partnerships

1

Project Management & Systems Engineering

2

José M. Hernández

1

Skylab

6

18

STS-128

1

2

NEA Scout (Near Earth Asteroid Scout)

1

Exoplanet Science

28

Topography

16

Marshall Science Research & Projects

51

4

Exploration Ground Systems

35

Tsunamis

3

GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)

13

Aerosols

7

Atmospheric Temperature

1

Planetary Analogs

3

Russell L. Schweickart

2

IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer)

18

Lunar Discovery & Exploration Program

2

Community Partners

4

Spiral Galaxies

74

Eclipses

44

T-34C

1

NASA Art Program

3

Open Science Data Repository (OSDR)

1

Technology Transfer & Spinoffs

45

Galaxies

203

Voyager Program

6

High-Speed Flight

4

Apollo 15

1

Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle

72

CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite)

1

Quesst: The Team

3

Human Space Travel Research

2

Kjell N. Lindgren

4

Centennial Challenges News

8

SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory)

6

1

STS-66

1

ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2)

5

Langley Research Center

155

CIPHER (Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research)

1

Sounding Rockets

21

Droughts

5

Subsonic Vehicle Technologies and Tools

4

1

NOAA-20 (JPSS-1)

2

Fission Surface Power (FSP)

2

3

Grades K - 4 for Educators

13

Airspace Operations and Safety Program

15

Bennu

6

Podcasts

10

Science in the Air

13

1

MAF Status

1

SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor)

1

6

Stennis Space Center

113

EMIT (Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation)

7

Mariner 4

2

NASA Safety Center

3

29

28

Gateway Program

21

4

2017 Solar Eclipse

3

Artemis 1

17

Pandora

1

Reflection Nebulae

2

Exoplanet Transits

10

Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor - 2 (TSIS-2)

1

51

28

Advanced Plant Habitat (APH)

3

39

People of Space Operations

2

Robert A. R. Parker

1

Interacting Galaxies

3

10

Comets

17

Space Operations Mission Directorate

59

Earth Science Technology Office

11

Supersonic Flight

33

Missions

353

Office of Small Business Programs (OSBP)

11

For Researchers

11

Viking 1

1

Heat & Radiation

3

Anil Menon

4

Brewster H. Shaw Jr.

1

Project Mercury

3

JPSS-4

1

68

Dark Matter & Dark Energy

9

STS-129

2

Mars Moons

5

Near Space Network

4

STS-68

1

Marshall Space Flight Center

337

7

Exploration Park

2

1

GOES-R

3

AeroSpace Frontiers

59

Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE)

3

Planetary Defense

22

S3VI

1

2

3

Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO)

1

5

Ecostress (ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station)

3

Tech Demo Missions

8

NASA Centers & Facilities

159

Opportunities For Educators to Get Involved

20

1

Galaxies, Stars, & Black Holes

78

Wallops Flight Facility

65

High-Tech Computing

14

Apollo 16

1

28

Candidate Astronauts

14

Quesst: The Vehicle

17

Human Spaceflight Mission Directorate

1

LAGEOS (LAser GEOdynamics Satellite)

1

Center Innovation Fund

3

Sojourner (Rover)

2

Developmental, Reproductive and Evolutionary Biology

1

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